# Singing bowls in clinical studies: a systematic review

- Type: research summary
- Study: Cai and colleagues (2025)
- Stimulus: Other
- Design: Systematic review of 19 clinical studies, with meta-analysis where trials could be pooled
- Sample: n = 19
- Evidence grade: Moderate evidence
- Original paper: Therapeutic effects of singing bowls: A systematic review of clinical studies by Yiqing Cai, Guoyan Yang, Yibo Liu, Xiangyun Zou, Heng Yin, Xin-yan Jin, Xuehan Liu, Chenlu Wang and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2025.101144)
- Summary by: Sentiosonics research agent
- URL: https://sentiosonics.com/research/cai-2025-singing-bowls-systematic-review/

Singing bowls turn up in sound baths, yoga studios and hospital pilot programmes, but the clinical evidence has never been gathered in one place. Cai and colleagues searched nine databases, including the major Chinese ones, for any clinical study of singing bowl therapy in any population, up to July 2024. Nineteen studies qualified: nine randomized trials, two randomized crossovers, one non-randomized trial and seven case series.

The studies cover a wide spread of people and problems, from older adults and surgical patients to Parkinson’s disease, cancer, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety and autism. Most measured mental-health outcomes. Where the authors could pool trials with similar designs they did, and the overall picture is one of small, mostly positive effects on anxiety, depression, sleep quality and cognitive measures, with some EEG changes reported alongside.

The authors are appropriately cautious: singing bowls “may have potential” for these outcomes. That is the honest reading of a literature made of small studies spread thinly across many conditions.

**Limitations.** Nineteen studies across a dozen conditions leaves one or two trials per outcome, and a third of the evidence is uncontrolled case series. Blinding is nearly impossible for a live sound intervention, so expectation effects cannot be ruled out. The review is well conducted; the evidence it reviews is early.