Cognitive and brain augmentation for enhanced human intrinsic skills, beyond the familiar boundaries, has inspired the imagination for many centuries. With the recent emergence of new knowledge on the interplay between perception, reasoning and physiology, and the novel cognitive technologies such as virtual/augmented reality, cognitive enhancement has become the focus of intensive research.

The 2014 study by Gao focuses on the impact of alpha-frequency brainwave entrainment on attentional control. Alpha-frequency brainwave entrainment involves synchronizing the brain’s electrical activity with a specific rhythm or frequency, in this case, the alpha frequency.

Brainwave entrainment (BWE), which uses rhythmic stimuli to alter brainwave frequency and thus brain states, has been investigated and used since the late 1800s, yet many clinicians and scientists are unaware of its existence. We aim to raise awareness and discuss its potential by presenting a systematic review of the literature from peer-reviewed journals on the psychological effects of BWE…